
November is Alzheimer’s disease awareness month, and for those of you
who don’t know, it is a condition which affects 5% of Americans age 65
and older and is the fifth leading cause of death among senior citizens.
This disease is the most common form of dementia, damaging brain cells
and affecting how we speak, think, and interact with the world around us
over time.
Your risk of being diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease increases as you
age, and having a relative with the disease can further increase your
risk.
How Can a Physical Therapist Help?
Research shows that physical activity can improve memory. Regular
exercise may delay the onset of dementia as well as delay the decline in
ability to perform daily activities for people living with Alzheimer’s
disease.
As trained experts, physical therapists can design individualized
exercise programs for people living with Alzheimer’s disease. In the
early and middle stages, physical therapists focus on keeping people
mobile and able to continue their roles in their homes and communities.
During the later stages, physical therapists assist patients in
performing their daily activities as long as they can, reducing the
burden placed on family members and caregivers of the person diagnosed.
Physical therapists can also instruct caregivers on how to manage the
needs of a loved one with Alzheimer’s disease.
People living with Alzheimer’s disease often develop other conditions
linked to aging – like arthritis or broken bones. Physical therapists
are trained to treat these conditions, and take into account the impact
of Alzheimer’s disease on other health conditions and on their patient’s
ability to understand and follow through with important instructions.
The therapist may use various training methods to simplify
instructions, and use unique Alzheimer’s specific approaches, including:
Visual, verbal, and tactile cueing – The physical therapist
provides cues such as pointing to objects or gesturing signaling the
patient to perform different tasks. For example, lifting up both arms
can signal to a patient to stand up.
Mirroring – This technique involves the physical therapist serving as a “mirror,” standing in front of the person to show them how to move.
Task breakdown – Physical therapists give step-by-step
instructions to their patients by breaking down a task into short,
simple pieces, to be completed separately to maximize safety.
Hand over hand facilitation – The physical therapist guides
the body part of the patient through the motions of completing a task,
showing them how to do the activity through guided example.
Physical therapists are trained medical personnel who through
their care, can help improve quality of life and possibly delay the
need for institutionalization of their clients diagnosed with
Alzheimer’s disease.